The health of pistons is directly affected by lubrication, cooling, fuel, and the intake and exhaust systems. Maintenance must focus on these four aspects:
1. Lubrication System Maintenance
Regularly change engine oil and filter: Engine oil is crucial for piston lubrication and heat dissipation. For new engines or after major overhauls, the engine oil and oil filter should be changed for the first time after 50 hours of operation. Thereafter, change them every 250 hours or less, depending on usage. Always use high-quality lubricating oil that meets CH-4 or higher standards, and avoid mixing different brands or types of oil.
Check oil level: Check the oil level in the oil pan before starting each day, ensuring it is within the dipstick range to prevent piston overheating or seizure due to insufficient oil.
2. Cooling System Management
Maintain adequate coolant: Regularly check the coolant level in the radiator and use qualified antifreeze to prevent engine overheating. High temperatures can cause excessive piston thermal expansion, leading to seizure or engine failure.
Radiator Cleaning: Inspect and clean the water tank and intercooler fins every 250 hours, or more frequently in harsh environments, to prevent overheating due to blockage.
3. Fuel System Cleaning:
Use reputable fuel: Inferior diesel fuel contains more impurities, which can easily cause injector blockage and poor combustion, leading to increased carbon deposits and affecting piston ring movement.
Replace the diesel filter regularly: It is recommended to replace the diesel filter every 250 hours. Clean the fuel pre-filter if necessary to ensure fuel cleanliness.
4. Intake System Sealing and Cleaning:
Regularly check the air filter: The air filter must be kept intact and tightly installed. Unfiltered, dusty air entering the cylinder is a major cause of abnormal wear on the piston, cylinder liner, and piston rings.
Never operate without a filter: Under no circumstances should the engine be started if the air filter is missing or the filter element is damaged.
